(183) Physical activity among pregnant individuals by BMI category: a specific focus on class III obesity

The prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity, including pre-pregnancy class III obesity has increased over time, with significant implications for maternal and neonatal well-being. Regular physical activity may mitigate these risks.  Data also suggest that a majority of pregnant individuals do not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines of accumulating at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week; however physical activity data are limited for individuals in higher BMI categories, particularly for those with class III obesity (BMI > 40). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether pregnant individuals are meeting physical activity guidelines. We assessed self-reported physical activity across BMI categories including those with class III obesity, subdivided into BMI 40-49.9 and ≥ 50.

Study Design:

This is a retrospective cohort study of individuals at an academic hospital system who delivered between May 1, 2018 and May 1, 2023. To be included, individuals had a documented pre-pregnancy BMI and responded to the following two-item physical activity questionnaire during or just prior to pregnancy: 1) On average, how many days per week do you engage in moderate to strenuous exercise? And 2) On average, how many minutes do you engage in exercise at this level?” Individuals met physical activity guidelines if they engaged in greater than or equal to 150 minutes of physical activity per week. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Chi-Square tests.

Results:

A total of 6,884 individuals were included in the cohort. See table for descriptive data. Physical activity data are shown in the figure.

Conclusion:

Our results are consistent with existing data showing that pregnant individuals are not meeting physical activity goals. Overweight and obese pregnant individuals participate in significantly less activity than normal weight counterparts with even less activity reported in those with Class III obesity. More data is needed on physical activity among pregnant individuals with class III obesity, as this may have implications for both maternal and neonatal health.