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Faculty have requested this content not be shared on social media
CME Credit Offered
CME Credit Offered
Abstract Award
Abstract Award
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Poster Session 1

(138) Impact of interpregnancy interval on adverse pregnancy outcomes in individuals with prior gestational diabetes mellitus

Thursday, January 30, 2025
10:30 AM – 12:30 PM  
Objective: Interpregnancy interval (IPI) has been shown to influence perinatal outcomes, yet its impact on individuals with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains under-explored. This study aims to evaluate the impact of IPI on pregnancy outcomes in patients with a history of GDM.

Study Design: This retrospective cohort study analyzed singleton, non-anomalous births in two consecutive deliveries among patients with a history of GDM in the index pregnancy in California (2008-2020). IPI was categorized into five groups: < 12, 12-23, 24-35, 36-59, and ≥ 60 months. Outcomes for the subsequent pregnancy included GDM, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm delivery < 37 weeks, cesarean delivery, severe maternal morbidity (SMM), macrosomia, and NICU admission. Chi-squared and multivariable logistic regressions were used for statistical analyses.

Results: Among 63,746 patients in our final sample, 20.7%, 31.8%, 19.3%, 18.4%, and 9.9% were classified in the < 12, 12-23, 24-35, 36-59, and ≥ 60-month IPI groups, respectively. Relative to the 12-23-month group, patients with IPI < 12 months had significantly higher proportions of preeclampsia (4.7% vs 4.3%), preterm delivery (8.5% vs 7.4%), macrosomia (16.2% vs 15.2%), and NICU admission (10.2% vs 9.3%) (Table 1). After adjustment, pregnancies with an IPI < 12 months remained associated only with preterm delivery (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.21) relative to an IPI of 12-23 months (Table 2). Conversely, compared to 12-23 months, an IPI ≥ 60 months was associated with higher rates and odds of gestational hypertension (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.30-1.65), preeclampsia (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.47-1.86), preterm delivery (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.48-1.79), cesarean delivery (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.42-1.75), and NICU admission (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15-1.38).

Conclusion: Both short (< 12 months) and long (≥ 60 months) IPIs are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes among patients with GDM. These findings highlight the importance of counseling individuals with GDM on optimal pregnancy timing to mitigate risks in subsequent pregnancies.