(136) Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Neonatal and Delivery Outcomes Across Race and Ethnicity

Thursday, January 30, 2025

10:30 AM – 12:30 PM

Submitting Author and Presenting Author(s)

Ashley Zimmermann, MD (she/her/hers)

Resident
Northwell Lenox Hill Hospital
New York, New York, United States

Coauthor(s)

Natalie Suder, MD

Resident
Lenox Hill Hospital, NY, United States
RK

Rachel Kim

University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, United States
KH

Karen Huang

University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, United States
MB

Maria Teresa Benedetto, MD

Attending Physician
Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, United States
MS

Mio Sawai, MD

Attending Physician
Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, United States
TC

Teresa Cheon, MD

Attending Physician
Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, United States
YA

Yuzuru Anzai, MD

Attending Physician
Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, United States

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on neonatal and delivery outcomes across different races and ethnicities, providing a comprehensive understanding of GDM and the influences it has on neonatal health across diverse populations.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis was conducted using CDC natality data from 2016 to 2022. The study group comprised pregnant individuals with gestational diabetes across Non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, NH Asian, and Hispanic mothers with gestational age range of 37 to 42 weeks and infant birth weight (BW) range of < 5,000 grams (n = 1,535,308). GDM prevalence was measured in each race and ethnicity. Primary outcome measures included neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates, assisted ventilation (AV) usage, large for gestational age (LGA) ( > = 4000 g), average infant BW, low five-minute APGAR scores (< = 6), and C-section rate. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were done using SPSS to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results: NH Asian individuals have the highest prevalence of GDM, whereas NH Black individuals have the lowest (Table 1). Unlike other groups, NH Asians with GDM have lower average infant BW than those without GDM. GDM has the greatest impact on NICU admission, AV usage, C-section rate, and LGA rate in the NH Black population.

Conclusion: While GDM significantly increases the risk of various neonatal and delivery outcomes across all races and ethnicities, the extent to which it affects each population differs. NH Black individuals, who have the lowest overall prevalence of GDM and baseline birth weight compared to other populations, face the highest risk of adverse outcomes, particularly for LGA infants. On the contrary, despite the high prevalence of GDM, outcomes among Asian mothers were comparable to White race. Physicians should consider these racial and ethnic differences when managing GDM and the associated risks. Limitations of this study include potential error biases from using CDC birth certificate data.