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Poster Session 4

(1187) Association between being born small for gestational age and the risk for childhood celiac disease

Friday, January 31, 2025
4:00 PM – 6:00 PM  

    Submitting Author and Presenting Author(s)

  • Shir Luvaton, N/A (she/her/hers)

    Obstetrics and Gynecology resident
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
    Be'er Sheva, HaDarom, Israel

    • Coauthor(s)

  • Tamar Wainstock, PhD (she/her/hers)

    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
    Beer Sheva, HaDarom, Israel

  • Eyal Sheiner, MD, PhD

    Head of department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
    Beer Sheva, HaDarom, Israel

  • Gali Pariente, MD

    Acting director of Fetal Maternal Unit B Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
    Beer Sheva, HaDarom, Israel

Objective: Celiac disease is a common immune disorder, frequently associated with other autoimmune conditions. Autoimmunity is recognized as a potential factor contributing to placental insufficiency, by affecting placental development and structure, which may lead to fetal growth restriction. Based on the possible correlation between autoimmunity, celiac disease and placental insufficiency, we sought to investigate whether small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are at an increased risk of developing celiac disease during childhood.

Study Design: A population-based cohort study was conducted to evaluate the risk of celiac disease during childhood (up to the age of 18 years) among individuals who were born SGA between the years 1991-2021, in a single tertiary medical center. Data for the diagnosis of celiac disease was extracted from community-based clinics and hospitalization records. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the cumulative incidence of celiac disease between the study groups (SGA vs. no SGA). A cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounders.

Results: During the study period, 356,356 newborns were included in the analysis; of which 16,210 (4.5%) were born SGA. Being born SGA was associated with higher risk for celiac disease as compared to children who were not born SGA (0.9% vs 0.5%, P< 0.001, Table). However, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve did not demonstrate higher cumulative incidence rates of celiac disease in infants born SGA (Log Rank p=0.287, Figure). Likewise, using a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for maternal celiac disease, maternal age and gestational age at birth, the finding was no longer statistically significant (adjusted HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.92-1.30, p=0.274, Table).

Conclusion: According to our results, being born SGA is not an independent risk factor for long-term childhood celiac disease.